In Integrated mode, ASP. This is basically the best of both worlds-the familiar interfaces and convenience of the. NET 2. In addition to being able to write new ASP. NET modules can be made a lot more powerful just by changing a few configuration options in your web. With IIS 7. Here's how it works. In IIS releases up to version 6. NET connected to the Web server as a standalone application framework. It was responsible for processing the request extensions that were registered to it, typically.
NET modules. Because of this, only content types registered to ASP. NET could benefit from these services. In addition, even for ASP. NET because of runtime limitations. For example, it was not possible to inspect the set of outgoing HTTP response headers and modify them before being sent to the client. When running in Integrated mode in IIS 7. This means that existing ASP. NET modules can now apply to any content type. Better runtime integration also enables ASP. NET modules to access previously unavailable server functionality, removing the need to write native IIS extensibility in most cases.
Finally, in Integrated mode, ASP. These include the ability to review all of the response headers regardless of who generated the response and the ability to fully rewrite request execution to another URL, among other features. An existing application can often take advantage of Integrated mode without requiring new ASP. NET modules that use Integrated mode-specific functionality. Simply by changing configuration, an application can do things such as using ASP. For an example of leveraging Intergrated mode to stop Web leeches from hot-linking to your site's images, check out the sample ASP.
NET module to do this on mvolo. This is a good example of how you can get more bang out of existing third-party ASP. NET modules by using them in Integrated mode. For a detailed walkthrough on taking advantage of Integrated mode for existing applications, check out my article at iis. On top of this, IIS 7. Reducing the attack surface area is one of the fundamental principles of designing and deploying secure systems. Taking the lockdown-by-default approach of IIS 6.
By further taking advantage of the modular nature of the server to remove all unused features, you can reduce your server's attack surface to a minimum-significantly reducing the risk of your server being compromised by an attacker.
If a vulnerability is found in any of the components not in use on your server, you do not need to take the server out of rotation in order to prevent exploits or patch the vulnerable component immediately. This can result in increased availability of your application and lower patch management costs.
In addition to the core security improvements, IIS 7. IIS has always provided strong support for protecting application content with authentication. Now, with ASP. NET security features such as Forms Authentication, Membership, and Login controls to provide a complete authentication and access control solution for your entire app.
You can often do this in minutes and without writing a single line of code. The access rules can be used to allow or deny access to URLs within your application based on user names and roles. The new request filtering feature provides powerful lockdown functionality, part of which was available in the popular URLScan tool. You can use request filtering to further lock down your site by rejecting requests containing suspicious data, protecting sensitive resources, or enforcing aggressive request limits.
This dramatically simplifies application deployment across the development-test-production cycle. The distributed configuration system discussed earlier allows application owners to manage the necessary Web server settings directly in their application without having administrative access to the server. Application administrators can specify the required configuration in the web. With the ability to authenticate application administrators as either Windows users or custom user accounts via the Membership service, the Administration tool allows remote application management without the owner having any Windows access on the server.
As a server administrator, you have complete control over what settings are configurable by the application via the flexible locking support in the configuration system. Likewise, you can control which IIS Manager tool features are available to the application administrators managing their applications remotely. Between all the new features supported in Windows, IIS 7.
First, IIS 7. This feature, called the Runtime State and Control API, or RSCA pronounced "reeska" , exposes the active state of sites and application pools, running worker processes, and even allows you to view the currently executing requests on the server! It also enables you to control the state of the server, such as starting and stopping sites, or recycling application pools.
For example, you can view currently executing requests and the server stages where they are stuck. This lets you quickly resolve hanging request problems and track down which script is spinning your CPU see Figure 6. The RSCA capabilities come in very handy when you are investigating server issues or tuning server performance, both for being able to quickly see what's going on in the system and to control the server when performing troubleshooting.
I often end up using appcmd. When errors occur in your Web application, they can be due to incorrect server configuration, application errors, or various environmental factors. The status code and standard error messages provide little clue to what went wrong and can make troubleshooting the server a nightmare. The detailed errors follow a security scheme similar to the ASP. NET detailed errors.
By default, you will only get the detailed information when browsing the Web site from the local machine. As before, you can also configure custom error pages for different error codes or redirect to a custom URL. The detailed error pages are also now localized, offering the error description in the preferred language of the client, if the language pack for the corresponding language is installed. What if the error condition you are experiencing is unknown or caused by a complex interplay of multiple Web server components?
Not to worry-IIS 7. These events contain useful information about each stage of server processing you can examine to back-trace through request execution and pinpoint the place where things went wrong. These events can be routed to the Windows tracing infrastructure, which allows multiple Windows components including ASP. The coolest thing about Failed Request Tracing is that it can be left enabled on the server. It allows you to capture trace logs for requests that have encountered a configurable failure condition automatically while avoiding the performance penalty of saving the trace logs for requests that have completed successfully.
For example, you can turn it on for requests that result in server errors or take more than a certain amount of time to complete. With Failed Request Tracing, you can always capture the valuable tracing information when errors occur, even if they are intermittent or hard to reproduce. This can help diagnose and fix difficult problems that previously required hardcore debugging.
The underlying tracing infrastructure is exposed to IIS modules via the server extensibility model, allowing all server components, whether they ship with IIS or are developed by third parties, to emit detailed tracing information during request processing. NET tracing via the System. NET page trace, allowing managed modules to take advantage of the unified tracing model. To take things even further, you can write your own tracing modules that provide new ways to process and output the tracing information.
While Windows Vista is a client operating system release and not intended for high-throughput production deployment IIS on Windows Vista is limited to 10 concurrent requests at a time , it already showcases some of the major architectural improvements aimed at significantly increasing Web application performance.
Coupled with the extensive performance work we are doing in the Windows Server "Longhorn" timeframe, these improvements will help IIS 7. The first one is, of course, componentization. The modular nature of the server allows administrators to remove unneeded server features, saving memory and CPU usage during request processing.
This can result in significant improvements in throughput and capacity on the machine. The ability to enable features in a granular way turning them on and off for each application on your server further enables applications to achieve performance gains in the case where only certain parts of your site require a particular feature. The other notable performance feature in IIS 7.
This feature provides support for re-using responses to expensive dynamic pages on the server, alleviating the need to perform the expensive rendering and database transactions in order to return the response to the client. NET, supporting a smaller set of caching functionality but providing enough flexibility to cache dynamic content in a performance-enhancing way.
By output caching your dynamic content, whether it is ASP. This was a major feat given the extent of the architectural changes that were needed to support the innovation in this release. The configuration system has undergone the most changes, moving away from a centralized loosely typed configuration store to a delegated XML configuration file hierarchy.
Both the structure and the storage of the configuration information are completely different from the IIS 6. Be sure to install the compatibility setup components to get this functionality, though. While IIS 7. However, if you are developing new components, you should make sure to use the new extensibility model for a much more powerful and improved development experience. A small percentage of ASP. NET applications that have runtime incompatibilities with the Integrated mode may have to be moved to an application pool running in Classic mode.
In this case, you can run multiple applications in both modes side-by-side on the same server by placing them in separate application pools. For a complete list of ASP. NET compatibility whitepaper at iis. The IIS 7. Windows Vista gives you the ability to develop and test your applications on the same server platform as will be used to deploy it when the server version of Windows Vista becomes available. As IIS 7. However, the core development and management features that ship in Windows Vista will remain the same-and when the server version of IIS 7.
At that point, your client and server machines will once again be running the same exact version of IIS so you can continue to develop and test Web applications on your desktop running Window Vista. To get started with IIS 7. Our new site contains a portal for all things IIS 7. You can also find in-depth coverage of IIS 7. Be sure to stop by. And do let me know what your favorite IIS 7. He owns the core server infrastructure for ASP.
Michael is now focusing on improving the Web application platform in the next-generation Web server, IIS 7. IIS 6. IIS 7. It also introduced a hierarchical configuration system allowing for simpler site deploys, a new Windows Forms-based management application, new command-line management options and increased support for the.
NET Framework. Additional requests are queued, which hampers performance, but they are not rejected as with XP. It also introduced TLS 1. IIS 8. IIS NET web applications and static websites. There are built-in authentication options such as Basic, ASP. NET, and Windows auth. Windows Auth is useful if you have a Windows Active Directory environment — users can be automatically signed into web applications using their domain account.
Other built-in security features include TLS certificate management and binding for enabling HTTPS and SFTP on your sites, request filtering for whitelisting or blacklisting traffic, authorization rules, request logging, and a rich set of FTP-specific security options.
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